What tool is typically used for vertical movement of heavy loads?

A hoist is specifically designed for lifting and lowering heavy loads vertically. It often employs a mechanism that can include a drum and rope or a chain to raise and lower these loads. The key function of a hoist is its ability to provide a controlled vertical lift, making it ideal for situations where heavy materials need to be moved to different elevations, such as in warehouses or construction sites.

Other tools mentioned, while they may also carry heavy loads, serve different purposes. For instance, chains are often used in conjunction with a hoist but do not have a lifting mechanism by themselves. Cranes are versatile machines that can lift and move loads both vertically and horizontally, but they are not solely focused on vertical movement. Forklifts are designed primarily for transporting materials horizontally and can lift to some extent, but their main function is not vertical movement alone. Thus, the hoist stands out as the most specialized tool for the vertical movement of heavy loads.